木霉菌株T88对7种病原真菌的拮抗作用

将木霉菌株Ｔ８８与７种常见的林果病原真菌进行平板对峙培养及显微观察,结果表明木霉菌株Ｔ８８对立枯丝核菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｌａｎｉ等供试的７种病原真菌都有明显的拮抗作用,可观察到Ｔ８８对病原菌菌丝的缠绕、使细胞质变稀薄、菌丝消解或穿透等现象,以及对齐整小核菌Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｕｍｒｏｌｆｓｉ的菌核的重寄生作用,使其发生腐烂,并抑制了白绢病菌菌核的萌发。     

Systemic resistance induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, a microbial pesticide of seedborne diseases of rice

BACKGROUND: Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide of seedborne diseases of rice. To investigate the mechanisms of disease suppression in SKT-1, the ability to induce systemic resistance by SKT-1, or its cell-free culture filtrate (CF), was tested using Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants. RESULTS: Both SKT-1 and its CF elicit an induced systemic resistance against the bacterial leaf speck pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Col-0 plants. Involvement of plant hormones in the induced resistance by SKT-1 and CF was assessed using Arabidopsis genotypes such as the jasmonic acid (JA)-resistant mutant jar1, the ethylene (ET)-resistant mutant etr1, the plant impaired in salicylic acid (SA) signalling transgenic NahG and the mutant npr1 impaired in NPR1 activity. In soil experiments using SKT-1, no significant disease suppression effect was observed in NahG transgenic plants or npr1 mutant plants. Expression levels of SA-inducible genes such as PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 increased substantially in the leaves of Col-0 plants. Expression levels of JA/ET-induced genes such as PDF1.2a, PR-3, PR-4 and AtVsp1 were also induced, but the levels were not as high as for SA-inducible genes. In a hydroponic experiment using CF from SKT-1, all Arabidopsis genotypes showed an induced systemic resistance by CF and increased expression levels of JA/ET- and SA-inducible genes in leaves of CF-treated plants. CONCLUSION: The SA signalling pathway is important in inducing systemic resistance to colonisation by SKT-1, and both SA and JA/ET signalling pathways combine in the signalling of induced resistance by CF. These results indicate that the response of A. thaliana is different from that found in root treatments with barley grain inoculum and CF from SKT-1. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

哈茨木霉几丁质酶基因提高水稻抗病性研究

 以农杆菌介导法将木霉内切几丁质酶基因ThEn－42导入粳稻台北－309和农虎6号中。PCR检测表示ThEn－42己整合入水稻基因组中。在温室中进行的抗病性检测结果表明：T₀代转基因植株对纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）的抗性得到了明显的提高。T₀代转基因植株的离体叶片也表现出对纹枯病菌的抗性。     

一株促生拮抗木霉菌的鉴定

从采集的植物根际土壤中分离到一株对黄瓜具有拮抗作用的木霉菌LT19,该菌能够促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,并具有溶磷、产嗜铁素、IAA及ACC脱氨酶的能力,显示了该菌在防治作物病害以及促进作物生长方面潜在的应用价值。根据形态特征与ITS序列分析,将其鉴定为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)。     

木霉与土壤生态环境关系研究综述

木霉是土壤真菌中的重要群落,在植物根际分布非常广泛,是一种很有应用价值的植物生防菌。从土壤生态环境对木霉的影响和木霉对土壤的修复作用,对木霉与土壤生态环境的关系展开论述,并对土壤木霉的应用进行了展望。     

棘孢木霉产厚垣孢子的液体发酵条件研究

对棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum ZJSX5003菌株产生厚垣孢子的液体发酵培养基和条件进行了研究。结果表明,适合此菌株产厚垣孢子的最佳培养基为：高温黄豆饼粉-玉米粉培养液,甘油0.005mL/mL最佳条件为：接种量0.8×10^5个/mL,装瓶量50mL/250mL,转速150r/min,温度：30℃2d,20℃2d,28℃4d;初始pH3.0。此单因子优化的配方及发酵条件可使厚垣孢子的发酵产量达到5.82×10^7个/mL。     

绿色木霉外源基因表达系统的构建

利用PCR方法克隆瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)外切葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ基因(cbhⅠ)启动子序列,以pSK载体为骨架,构建了pSK-cbh Ⅰ-GFP-hph表达载体,并成功转入到绿色木霉(T.viride)Sn-9106中.通过对绿色木霉Sn-9106进行遗传改造,为纤维素酶基因在木霉中同源重组表达提供遗传转化平台.     

一株绿木霉的rDNA ITS序列测定及其菌株的培养特性

为了确定试验菌株是否为绿木霉（Trichoderma virens）,对其菌丝体进行了ITS序列测定和Genbank基因库比对,并通过生长速率法研究其室内培养条件.结果表明,试验菌株的ITS序列长度为589 bp;在Genbank核酸序列数据库中比对,试验菌株与绿木霉的相似率为98％,可以确定此菌株为绿木霉,Genbank登录号为HM046564; pH对绿木霉培养菌丝生长的影响根据不同的培养基而不同,其中绿木霉在pH =5 ～7的范围内均能较好地生长;供试最适碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖,最适氮源为酒石酸铵和蛋白胨,最适生长温度为25℃.     

生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施对烤烟和植烟土壤质量的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,研究了施生物炭基肥、哈茨木霉菌剂和二者配施对烟草发病率、根际土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性及烤后烟品质的影响。结果表明,生物炭基肥降低了烟草普通花叶病（TMV）的发病率,较常规施肥降低5.37个百分点;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施可提高烟株对黑胫病（BS）和青枯病（BW）的抗性,相对防治效果分别达64.19%和64.97%;生物炭基肥处理可增加土壤有机质、速效钾、速效磷、碱解氮含量和蔗糖酶、脲酶的活性,分别较常规处理最大增加21.90%、98.09%、52.77%、60.71%、90.69%和80.78%;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施增加了烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,中部叶较常规施肥增加2.52和3.46个百分点,上部叶较常规施肥增加了2.46和3.01个百分点;中部叶和上部叶的钾氯比较常规施肥分别增加16.51%和19.24%;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施能够提高烟叶多酚和中性致香物质含量,中部叶较常规施肥处理提升13.81%和11.29%,上部叶较常规施肥处理提升12.04%和8.60%。生物炭基肥和哈茨木霉菌剂配施对防治烟草病害、改善土壤养分和提升烟叶质量的效果最佳。     

橡胶树两种叶部病害拮抗木霉T008的筛选、鉴定及室内防效评价

采用平板稀释法从海南橡胶园16份根际土壤中分离获得6株拮抗木霉,通过对峙培养、非挥发性和挥发性物质及几丁质酶活测定,从中筛选出一株对橡胶树胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和多主棒孢菌Corynespora cassiicola均有较好抑制作用的菌株T008;采用分子生物学鉴定方法,...